Prognostic Stratification of Patients with Burkitt Lymphoma Using Serum beta 2-microglobulin Levels

Abstract

Purpose We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum beta 2-microglobulin for patients with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and to propose a risk-stratifying classification system.

Materials and Methods A prospective registry-based cohort study of BL patients treated with dose-intensive or effective dose-adjusted chemotherapies (n=81) was conducted. Survival outcomes were compared based on previously reported risk groups and/or serum beta 2-microglobulin levels. A risk-stratifying classification system incorporating serum beta 2-microglobulin levels was proposed and validated in an independent validation cohort (n=60).

Results The median age was 47 years, and 57 patients (70.4%) were male. Patients with high serum beta 2-microglobulin levels (> 2 mg/L) had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.01 for both). Serum beta 2-microglobulin levels further stratified patients in the low-risk and high-risk groups in terms of PFS (p=0.010 and p=0.044, respectively) and OS (p=0.014 and p=0.026, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that a high serum beta 2-microglobulin level (> 2 mg/L) was independently associated with a shorter PFS (hazards ratio [HR], 3.56; p=0.047) and OS (HR, 4.66; p=0.043). The new classification system incorporating the serum beta 2-microglobulin level allowed the stratification of patients into three distinct risk subgroups with 5-year OS rates of 100%, 89.5%, and 62.5%. In an independent cohort of BL, the system was validated by stratifying patients with different survival outcomes.

Conclusion Serum beta 2-microglobulin level is an independent prognostic factor for BL patients. The proposed beta 2-microglobulin-based classification system could stratify patients with distinct survival outcomes, which may help define appropriate treatment approaches for individual patients.