창경궁 영춘헌과 집복헌의 건축과 변화

Abstract

창경궁은 임진왜란으로 전소되었지만, 조선전기 건축법식을 기억하고 있던 광해군 때에 복구되었다. 이후에도 여러 번 화재로 소실되었지만, 그때마다 다시 복구되었다. 또한 「동궐도」와 「동궐도형」이 있어 건축 의 변화를 살필 수 있다. 「동궐도」와 「동궐도형」에서 ‘집복헌’과 ‘영춘헌’은 각기 다른 위치와 건물에 표기되어 있는데, 이는 1830년 화재 이후 다시 지어지면서 변형된 결과로 알려져 왔다. 하지만, 사도세자의 탄생 기록과 정조의 운구 동선을 검토한 결과 「동궐도」의 집복헌과 영춘헌 표기는 잘못된 것임을 확인하였다. 또한 영춘헌은 정조 때에 기존 건물을 측4량가 가구 법식을 적용하면서 확장하여 지었을 가능성과, 순조 때에 화재로 소실되자 연영합을 옮겨 짓는 방식으로 재건했음을 확인하였다. 그리고 현 영춘헌과 집복헌 건물은 연결되어 있지만 집복헌 북쪽 건물은 화재 때 불타지 않아 초창 시의 건축 계획 요소를 지금까지 유지하고 있다고 판단하였다. 현 집복헌 북쪽 건물은 『궁궐지』에 처음 확인되는 1695년(숙종 21) 이전에 건축된 건물이며, 나아가 1633년 이전에 지은 ‘장경문 내월랑’의 일부를 구성했던 건물일 가능성도 있다. 현 집복헌 북쪽 건물은 내전 영역의 규모가 작은 건물에 흔히 적용했던 조선전기적 가구법을 유지하고 있다는 점에서 건축사적 의미가 크다.

Although Changgyeong-gung was devastgated by Japanease invasion in 1592, it was restored during the reign of Gwanghaegun, had remembered of early Joseon danasty's architecturural order. It was destroyed several times by fire after that but was rebuilt i㎜edieately. There are Donggol-do and Donggol-dohyeong, so we can fine the change of architectures in Changgyeong-gung. Jibbokheon(集福軒) and Yeongchunheon(迎春軒) are marked in another location and architectures in Donggon-do and Donggon-dohyeong. The reason has been known that it was rebuilt after the fire in 1830. As a result of reviewing the record of birth of crown prince Sado and movement of coffin of King Jeong-jo in funeral ceremony, it was confirmed that notation of Jibbokheon and Yeongchunhyeon was misprinted. In particular, Yeongchunheon confirmed the possibility that the existing building was built by extending it while applying the asy㎜etrical building with four-purlins structure method during the reign of King Jeongjo, and that it was reconstructed by moving Yeonyeonghap when it was destroyed by fire 1830. And although now Jibbokheon and Yeongchunhyeon(延英閤) are connected, nothern part of Jibbokheon did not burn in the fire, so it was judged that original architectural plan were maintained until now. The current building north of Jibbokheon was built before 1695 (21st year of King Sukjong), which was first identified in the Gunggeolji(宮闕志), and there is a possibility that it may have been a part of Janggyeongmun(長慶門) inner corridor built before 1633. The present building north of Jibbokheon has great architectural significance in that it maintains the structural method of the early Joseon Dynasty which was often applied to buildings with a small scale of inner palace.