Comparison of low-salt preference trends and regional variations between patients with major non-communicable diseases and the general population

Abstract

Background: We compared low-salt preference between patients with major chronic diseases, also known as non-communicable diseases (hereinafter referred to as '"major NCD patients'"), and the general population.

Methods: We used data extracted from the Korea Community Health Survey Community during the period of 2008-2019. We evaluated the low-salt preference of 13 major NCD patients by year and region to analyse recent changes in low-salt preference trends, using joinpoint regression.

Results: A greater majority of major NCD patients had a higher low-salt preference than general population; however, the overall trend was not significantly significant. The low-salt preference rate (Type III) was highest among patients with diabetes (15.6%), followed by hypertension (14.1%) and dyslipidaemia (13.4%), with the general population displaying the lowest rate (11.3%). The rates of adherence to a low-salt diet and fried food without soy sauce gradually increased until 2013 and then declined. The rate of adherence to not adding salt and soy sauce at the table gradually increased and maintained a high rate of adherence until 2019, except for patients with some diseases. Regional variations in low-salt preference tended to be greater in patients with major NCDs than general population.

Conclusion: There is a need to improve the low-salt diet behaviour of not only major NCD patients, but also the general population. Various low-salt diet programs need to be promoted, such as education on a low-salt diet, certification for low-salt restaurants, and sodium tax. Moreover, it is necessary to continuously monitor the low-salt preferences of major NCD patients.