조선 전기 서울 지역 지배층 저택의 규범적 건물 유형과 배치

Abstract

15세기 이전 서울 지역 지배층 저택의 주요 건물은 몸채, 서청, 내루(침루)로 구성되었다. 부‧처는 관계의 수평성에 기반하여 저택 중심부의 몸채에 거주하되 관계의 개별성에 기반하여 각자가 동일한 구획으로 이루어진 영역을 몸채 내에 보유하였다. 내루(침루)는 계절별 난점을 해결하고자 지은 층루 구조의 침소로서 부‧처의 공동 생활공간이 되었다. 서청은 다수의 회합이나 중요한 접객에 대비하여 저택 영역의 서쪽에 지은 개방적 구조의 건물이었다. 성종 무렵부터 서청과 침루는 대군 저택에만 허용되는 특권적이고 사치스러운 건물로 여겨지게 되었다. 17세기 전반에 지은 봉림대군 저택의 침실, 몸채(정당), 외사랑, 조양루 배치는 침루‧몸채‧서청 배치 규범이 흐트러지면서 안채‧사랑채 배치로 변해가던 과도기의 모습을 잘 보여준다.

Before the 15th century, the main buildings of the residences of the ruling class in Seoul consisted of Momchae(身梗), Seocheong(西廳), and Naeru(內樓)‧Chimru(寢樓). Based on the equality of the relationship between husband and wife, the couple lived in the main building[Momchae] in the center of the mansion, but based on the individuality of the relationship between husband and wife, each had an area consisting of the same section within the building. Naeru‧Chimru was the two floors bedroom building became a common living space for the minister and wife, upstairs in summer, downstairs in winter. In preparation for large gatherings and important receptions, an open-structured West Hall(西廳) was located on the west side of the mansion. Momchae, Seocheong, and Naeru‧Chimru were the common building types and layouts of the residences of the highest ruling class, including high-ranking officials, until the reign of King Sejong. However, from around the time of King Seongjong, Seocheong and Chimru came to be regarded as privileged and luxurious buildings only allowed for the grand prince's residence. The layout of the bedroom, main building (including Wings), Outer Sarang[外舍廊], and Joyangru[朝陽樓] of Prince Bongrim's mansion built in the first half of the 17th century clearly shows the transitional period when the arrangement of chimru, main building, and western office was disrupted and the layout changed to the Inner main building(Anchae for wife) and Outer main building(Sarangchae for husband).