Association of changes in body mass index and waist circumference with cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A nationwide study

Abstract

Background: We investigated whether changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are associated with cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD using a nationwide dataset.

Methods: Using the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) data in Korea, a total of 19,057 subjects who underwent two consecutive medical check-ups (2009-2010 and 2011-2012) and who had a fatty-liver index (FLI) value of ≥ 60 were included in the analysis. Cardiovascular events were defined as the occurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular death.

Results: After multivariable adjustment, the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly lower in subjects with decreases in both BMI and WC (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99) and those with increased BMI and decreased WC (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.94) when compared with those who showed increases in both BMI and WC. The effect of cardiovascular risk reduction among the group with increased BMI but decreased WC was particulary pronounced among those who had metabolic syndrome during the second check-up (HR, 0.63; 95% CI 0.43-0.93, p for interaction 0.02).

Conclusions: Changes in BMI and WC were significantly associated with cardiovascular risk in NAFLD patients. NAFLD patients with increased BMI and decreased WC had the lowest cardiometabolic risk.