Deep-plane facelift technique for managing extensive hemifacial tumors: A retrospective study

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients undergoing deep-plane facelifts for the management of extensive hemifacial tumors. The retrospective study included patients who had been diagnosed with benign tumors with extensive hemifacial involvement. All patients underwent tumor debulking via a dual-plane facelift approach, assisted by an ICG camera to visualize the facial nerve structures. To manage the laxity of the skin envelope, the deep-plane face-lift was performed by suspending the superficial musculoaponeurotic layer, followed by suture fixation to the parotid-masseteric fascia. Clinical outcomes, including complications, House-Brackmann grading for facial paralysis, and tumor recurrence rate were investigated. Quantitative facial nerve examination was carried out using FACE-gram software (Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, USA) to measure mouth corner movement at rest and when smiling. Using preoperative and 1-year postoperative 3D photographs, facial symmetry was assessed using comparisons of facial volume and the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value to represent the height difference between each hemiface. In total, 25 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited to the study. Regarding the types of tumor, 13 of the 25 patients were diagnosed with vascular lesions and the other 12 with neurofibromatosis plexiform. Following surgery, two patients showed temporary palsy of the buccal branches - grade II on the House-Brackmann scale - but neural functioning was eventually restored during the follow-up period. During resting, the mouth corner excursion ratio was significantly improved, from 1.11 ± 0.19 preoperatively to 1.02 ± 0.08 postoperatively (p = 0.022). The facial volume ratio was significantly improved in the lower face, from 1.57 ± 0.66 preoperatively to 1.19 ± 0.18 postoperatively (p = 0.008). The RMSD was significantly decreased, from 4.56 ± 2.35 mm preoperatively to 2.08 ± 0.99 mm postoperatively (p < 0.001), representing a decrease in facial asymmetry. Within the limitations of the study, it seems that the ICG camera-assisted deep-plane facelift technique allows preservation of facial nerve functioning and enhances facial symmetry when managing extensive hemifacial tumors.