韓國 中小企業의 中國進出 現況과 問題點 分析

Abstract

일반적으로 수출시장이 開拓된 이후 經濟的 與件의 變化로 海外直接投資가 일어난다.

그러나 중국시장의 경우, 수출과 해외투자의 時差間隔이 매우 좁다. 또한 북미 및 유럽 시장에서의 직접투자는 資本集約的이고 尖端技術 習得의 목적에서 이루어지므로 大企業에 의하여 수행되는 경향이 있으나, 중국에의 투자는 件數는 많고 金額은 小規模로, 國內産業構造 調整과 깊은 關聯이 있고 이에 따라 주로 中小企業에 의해 수행되고 있다.

본 고에서는 해외직접투자의 일반적 효과인 輸出代替性과 補完性에 대하여 먼저 논하였다.

그리고 한국의 중국에의 직접투자 急增에 따라 나타나는 중국진출 한국 중소기업의 現況을 韓國銀行을 비롯한 관계기관의 統計資料에 根據하여 논하고, 진출기업의 動機, 事業環境에 대한 評價 및 경영상의 隘路點을 韓國貿易協會, 韓國輸出入銀行, 大韓貿易振興公社 등 支援機關의 事例 및 設問調査를 통하여 분석하였다. 또한 이를 土臺로 중국진출 중소기업의 生産, 販賣, 人事 및 勞務管理 實態를 把握했으며, 이를 國內 母企業의 收益性과 비교함으로서 중국진출의 影響을 논하였다. 向後 對策에 있어서 政府와 支援機關 그리고 企業의 有機的인 協助體制의 摸索을 강조함으로서 본 軌度에 오른 한국기업 특히 중소기업의 해외직접투자의 效率性을 提高시키고저 했다.

Once exports markets to overseas are opened, change of economic conditions induce direct investment. Most ofter large size company makes direct investments to North-American and European markets, because those investments usually cast a amount of money and target achievements of high technology.

However, investments to Chinese markets tend to be conducted by small-size company, because not a few of opportunities to investments are available and those investments usually do not need a huge amount of money.

Given these circumstans, this study first discussed direct investments overseas as substitutes for exports.

Second, this study summarized current status of Korean small-size companies' direct investments to Chinese market, based on statistics provided by Bank of Korea and related government organizations.

Third, this study summarized companies' motive for investments, evaluations of business environments and problems of business operations in overseas, based on case reports collected by Korea Foreign Trade Association and related organizations and data collected by specially designed survey for this study. From these data, we also summarized hon small-size companies conduct functions of production, selling and employee management in China.

Forth, this study compared the companies' profitability of investments to Chinese market with that of investments to home market.

Finally, this study suggests more active cooperative systems between investment companies and related government organizations as an way to improve profitability of small-size company's direct investments to overseas.

Once exports markets to overseas are opened, change of economic conditions induce direct investment. Most ofter large size company makes direct investments to North-American and European markets, because those investments usually cast a amount of money and target achievements of high technology.

However, investments to Chinese markets tend to be conducted by small-size company, because not a few of opportunities to investments are available and those investments usually do not need a huge amount of money.

Given these circumstans, this study first discussed direct investments overseas as substitutes for exports.

Second, this study summarized current status of Korean small-size companies' direct investments to Chinese market, based on statistics provided by Bank of Korea and related government organizations.

Third, this study summarized companies' motive for investments, evaluations of business environments and problems of business operations in overseas, based on case reports collected by Korea Foreign Trade Association and related organizations and data collected by specially designed survey for this study. From these data, we also summarized hon small-size companies conduct functions of production, selling and employee management in China.

Forth, this study compared the companies' profitability of investments to Chinese market with that of investments to home market.

Finally, this study suggests more active cooperative systems between investment companies and related government organizations as an way to improve profitability of small-size company's direct investments to overseas.