恭愍王代의 政治的 變革에 對한 一考察

Abstract

14세기 중엽, 高麗의 自主性 回復과 王權强化를 목적한 恭愍王의 反元·改革政治는 中途에 國內外로부터의 衝擊으로 말미아마 새로운 局面을 맞게 되었다.

즉, 元의 반란세력(紅巾賊)의 2차에 걸친 대규모 침입은 高麗가 일시 首都 開京을 내놓아야 할 정도였다 더욱 적을 격퇴하는 과정과 관련하여 王의 側近勢力으로 軍隊를 지휘하여 功을 세운 鄭世雲과 三元帥가 같은 側近의 1人으로서 參戰치 않았던 金鏞에 의하여 除去되는 사건이 발생하였다. 鄭世雲 등은 초기 反元運動의 主要한 參與者들이었다. 이어 還都에 즈음하여 金鏞은 巡軍提調라는 위치를 이용하여 "興王寺의 變"을 일으켜 親王勢力의 핵심인물인 洪彦博등을 殺害하고 恭愍王의 殺害까지 기도하였는데 金鏞이 附元勢力과 연결된 것으로 판명되었다. 결국 金鏞의 亂자체는 金鏞의 處刑으로 結末지어졌으나, 그 결과 親王勢力으로 反元運動 推進勢力의 핵심 분자들이 모두 제거된 셈이었다. 그리고 이러한 상황이 恭愍王으로 하여금 이미 접촉이 있었던 辛旽을 登用케 하는 하나의 因子가 되었다고 할 수 있는 것이다.

In the mid-fourteenth century King Kong-Min launched his anti-Yuan reformation policy for the purpose of recovering his autonomy and reinforcing his power. This policy came to face a new phase on account of the assaults from internal and external forces.

The rebellious forces of the Yuan Dynasty made two successive invasions so that the Koryo Dynasty had no choice but to abandon her capital Kye-Kyung. Moreover, in the course of repelling the antagonistic forces, Chung Se-un and the three commanders under his banner, who as close attendants of the King rendered distinguished services for the country, was got rid of by Kim Yong who didn't even join the war. Chung Se-un and his associates were important participants in the early anti-Yuan movement. Thereafter Kim Yong gave rise to the socalled "Rebellion of Heung-Wang-Sa Temple"(興王寺의 變) by taking advantage of his position, killed Hong Un-Bak and his associates, and even attempted to assassinate the King. Later he turned out to be involved in the pro-Yuan forces. At last the rebellion itself was brought to an end by the execution of Kim Yong. As a result the central figures of the anti-Yuan movement were all eliminated. Such a situation caused the King to pick up Sin-Don with whom he had previous contact.

In the mid-fourteenth century King Kong-Min launched his anti-Yuan reformation policy for the purpose of recovering his autonomy and reinforcing his power. This policy came to face a new phase on account of the assaults from internal and external forces.

The rebellious forces of the Yuan Dynasty made two successive invasions so that the Koryo Dynasty had no choice but to abandon her capital Kye-Kyung. Moreover, in the course of repelling the antagonistic forces, Chung Se-un and the three commanders under his banner, who as close attendants of the King rendered distinguished services for the country, was got rid of by Kim Yong who didn't even join the war. Chung Se-un and his associates were important participants in the early anti-Yuan movement. Thereafter Kim Yong gave rise to the socalled "Rebellion of Heung-Wang-Sa Temple"(興王寺의 變) by taking advantage of his position, killed Hong Un-Bak and his associates, and even attempted to assassinate the King. Later he turned out to be involved in the pro-Yuan forces. At last the rebellion itself was brought to an end by the execution of Kim Yong. As a result the central figures of the anti-Yuan movement were all eliminated. Such a situation caused the King to pick up Sin-Don with whom he had previous contact.