垂直的 分業體制 機械工業論의 經濟學的 側面

Abstract

低開發國이 工業部門에 있어서 輸入代替와 輸出振與을 爲해서는 優先 機械工業分野의 發展이 必要不可缺하다. 이 部門의 發展에 따른 知識, 機能, know-low 等의 蓄積은 工業化를 爲한 一般敎養으로 有用하고, 技術開發의 乘數?果와 技術的 收劒을

通해서 技術的 應用力을 培養하는데도 큰 도움이 된다. 또한 技術工業은 相對的으로 勞動集約的이며, 相互獨立的인 比連續덕적 生産工程으로 되어 있기 때문에 高度의 分業的協業方式에 依해서 그 生産을 營爲할 수 있으며, 이것은 또한 雇傭機會의 培進, 輸出競爭方向上에 큰 도움이 되고 , 國內經濟開發의 相乘?果를 創出할 수 있다.

그러나 機械工業化를 達成하기 爲해서는 生産物의 選定과 製品設計에 있어서 充分한 現實的 配慮가 必要하다. 經濟開發의 初期에는 最適生産規模가 적고, 또한 應用力이 큰 技術을 選擇하고, 可能한 限 低廉하고 需要의 所得彈力性이 큰 製品을 製作하는 것이 바람직하다. 그 外에도 初期資本額이 莫大한 資本設備, 技術者養成. 硏究開發機構 等은 一種의 社會資本(Social Overhead Capital)으로 看做하여 이를 公共的으로 供給하는 것이 바람직하다.

It is inevitable for the undeveloped country to develop the machine industry in order to effect the export promotion as well as the import substitution in the field of industry. The accumulation of the knowledge and function as well as the know-how, which is commensurate with the development of this field, is not only useful for the general knowledge of the industrialization, but also helpful to increase the capability of the technical application through the multiplier effects of technical development. The machine industry can manage to produce by the highly specialized cooperative method in as much as the machine industry is relatively laborintensive and consists of the discrete processes of the production which are independent from each other. This division of labor can not only increase opportunity for the employment, but also improve the competition capability for the export not to speak of the creation of linkage effect on domestic economy development.

However, the machine industrialization requires the properly realistic consideration of the choice of the product as well as the product design. It is desirable to choose the technology which is small in its optimal production scale and capability is great in its application and to produce the product of which the income elasticity of demend is great at the early stage of economic development. in addition to the aforementioned, it is desirable to regard capital facilities, education of technicians, and research institutes which require early enormous investment as social overhead capital and to supply the necessary funds publicly.

It is inevitable for the undeveloped country to develop the machine industry in order to effect the export promotion as well as the import substitution in the field of industry. The accumulation of the knowledge and function as well as the know-how, which is commensurate with the development of this field, is not only useful for the general knowledge of the industrialization, but also helpful to increase the capability of the technical application through the multiplier effects of technical development. The machine industry can manage to produce by the highly specialized cooperative method in as much as the machine industry is relatively laborintensive and consists of the discrete processes of the production which are independent from each other. This division of labor can not only increase opportunity for the employment, but also improve the competition capability for the export not to speak of the creation of linkage effect on domestic economy development.

However, the machine industrialization requires the properly realistic consideration of the choice of the product as well as the product design. It is desirable to choose the technology which is small in its optimal production scale and capability is great in its application and to produce the product of which the income elasticity of demend is great at the early stage of economic development. in addition to the aforementioned, it is desirable to regard capital facilities, education of technicians, and research institutes which require early enormous investment as social overhead capital and to supply the necessary funds publicly.