Synthesis and characterization of lithium vanadium borate composite as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by optimized sol-gel synthesis routine

Abstract

Li3V2(BO3)3/C performed outstanding electrochemical performance when prepared with citric acid assisted sol-gel method. In order to optimize sintering temperature, we decided to range from 400 to 600 ℃ of sintering temperature via thermal analysis. As a result, material synthesized at 450 ℃ showed outstanding electrochemical performance. We investigated widely on physical and electrochemical properties of LVB/C as a new cathode material. LVB/C showed high discharge capacity 195.8 mAh g-1 at 0.05 C-rate with a wide range voltage operability of 0.9 to 4.5 V. The present study will open new era for the novel poly-anion compound of Li3M2(BO3)3/C (M=Al, V, Cr, Fe, Ni and Ga) and LiMBO3F (M=Al, V, Cr, Fe, and Ga) based on triangular (BO3)3- unit which is the lightest poly-anion group could enhanced the theoretical capacity and energy density and make low lattice volume change during lithiation / de-lithiation processes. This material has potential become promising cathode material and meet the stringent requirements of high theoretical capacity, wide voltage operability, low cost, safety and environmental friendliness for the application in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs)