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Initial Characteristics and Clinical Severity of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Pediatric Patients Admitted in the Emergency Department

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Abstract
Objectives

The diagnosis and management of children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) admitted in the emergency department (ED) are challenging. The present study aimed at describing the initial characteristics of pediatric patients with HLH upon admission in the ED. Moreover, the clinical severity of the condition was assessed. Methods

We performed a retrospective study of patients who visited the pediatric ED and were newly diagnosed with HLH during hospitalization between February 2012 and January 2017. The patients were classified in the clinically unstable group if at least 1 of the following conditions was observed upon admission in the ED: hypoxia requiring oxygen supplementation, hypotension requiring inotropic support, coagulopathy with prothrombin time (international normalized ratio, >= 1.5), and seizures or altered consciousness. Results

We enrolled 31 pediatric patients with HLH, with a median age of 6.53 years (interquartile range, 1.35-13.24 years). Abdominal discomfort along with fever (74.2%) was the most common presenting symptom in patients admitted in the ED. Based on the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria, fever (96.8%), hyperferritinemia (96.8%), splenomegaly (74.2%), hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypofibrinogenemia (67.7%), and bicytopenia (41.9%) were observed in the patients. However, only 8 patients (25.8%) met the criteria. Nineteen patients (61.3%) were included in the clinically unstable group. This group had lower albumin (2.3 vs 3.3 g/dL, P = 0.002) and fibrinogen levels and higher ferritin level and neutrophil count than the clinically stable group. Meanwhile, the number of clinical findings that met the diagnostic criteria was not different between the 2 groups. Lower albumin level was a significant risk factor in the clinically unstable group (odds ratio, 0.040; P = 0.004). Conclusions

Pediatric patients with HLH often have clinically unstable conditions upon admission in the ED. However, only few patients meet the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria. Lower albumin level may be useful in assessing clinically unstable patients and preparing for possible deterioration.
Author(s)
김중헌류정민서종진이정용이종승임호준
Issued Date
2021
Type
Article
Keyword
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosisSerum albuminSeverity
DOI
10.1097/PEC.0000000000001518
URI
https://oak.ulsan.ac.kr/handle/2021.oak/7601
https://ulsan-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2045279908&context=PC&vid=ULSAN&lang=ko_KR&search_scope=default_scope&adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,Initial%20Characteristics%20and%20Clinical%20Severity%20of%20Hemophagocytic%20Lymphohistiocytosis%20in%20Pediatric%20Patients%20Admitted%20in%20the%20Emergency%20Department&offset=0&pcAvailability=true
Publisher
PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE
Location
미국
Language
영어
ISSN
0749-5161
Citation Volume
37
Citation Number
4
Citation Start Page
204
Citation End Page
207
Appears in Collections:
Medicine > Medicine
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