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Development of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale for Assessing Work-related Stress and Anxiety in Healthcare Workers in Response to Viral Epidemics

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Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has had a major psychological
impact on healthcare workers. However, very few scales are available to specifically assess
work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers responding to a viral epidemic. This
study developed a new assessment tool, the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9)
and aimed to validate it among healthcare workers directly affected by COVID-19 in Korea.
Methods: A total of 1,019 healthcare workers responded through anonymous questionnaires
during April 20?30, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore the
construct validity, and the reliability was assessed using internal consistency measures of
Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted
to define the most appropriate cut-off point of SAVE-9 using the Generalized Anxiety
Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7; ≥ 5). Second, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to
establish convergent validity for the SAVE-9 questionnaire with GAD-7 and the Patient Health
Questionnaire-9.
Results: The nine-item scale had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.795).
It adopted a two-factor structure: 1) anxiety regarding viral epidemics and 2) work-related
stress associated with viral epidemics. A cut-off score of 22 for the SAVE-9 ascertained levels
of stress and anxiety in response to a viral epidemic in healthcare workers that warranted
clinical attention. Correlations between the SAVE-9 and the other scales were statistically
significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results suggest that the SAVE-9 is a useful, reliable, and valid tool to evaluate
stress and anxiety responses in healthcare workers during viral epidemics.
Author(s)
강솔비김규민김화정서수연신용욱안명희여성욱이주희정석훈
Issued Date
2021
Type
Article
Keyword
AnxietyCOVID-19Healthcare workerPsychologicalStress
DOI
10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e319
URI
https://oak.ulsan.ac.kr/handle/2021.oak/8647
https://ulsan-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_cdi_nrf_kci_oai_kci_go_kr_ARTI_9892985&amp;context=PC&amp;vid=ULSAN&amp;lang=ko_KR&amp;search_scope=default_scope&amp;adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&amp;tab=default_tab&amp;query=any,contains,Development%20of%20the%20Stress%20and%20Anxiety%20to%20Viral%20Epidemics-9%20(SAVE-9)%20Scale%20for%20Assessing%20Work-related%20Stress%20and%20Anxiety%20in%20Healthcare%20Workers%20in%20Response%20to%20Viral%20Epidemics&amp;offset=0&amp;pcAvailability=true
Publisher
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
Location
대한민국
Language
영어
ISSN
1011-8934
Citation Volume
36
Citation Number
47
Citation Start Page
319
Citation End Page
319
Appears in Collections:
Medicine > Medicine
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