Deep Atrous Spatial Features-Based Supervised Foreground Detection Algorithm for Industrial Surveillance Systems

Abstract

Camera-based surveillance systems largely perform an intrusion detection task for sensitive areas. The task may seem trivial but is quite challenging due to environmental changes and object behaviors such as those due to night-time, sunlight, IR camera, camouflage, and static foreground objects, etc. Convolutional neural network based algorithms have shown promise in dealing with these challenges. However, they are exclusively focused on accuracy. This article proposes an efficient supervised foreground detection (SFDNet) algorithm based on atrous deep spatial features. The features are extracted using atrous convolution kernels to enlarge the field-of-view of a kernel mask, thereby encoding rich context features without increasing the number of parameters. The network further benefits from a residual dense block strategy that mixes the mid and high-level features to retain the foreground information lost in low-resolution high-level features. The extracted features are expanded using a novel pyramid upsampling network. The feature maps are upsampled using bilinear interpolation and pass through a 3x3 convolutional kernel. The expanded feature maps are concatenated with the corresponding mid and low-level feature maps from an atrous feature extractor to further refine the expanded feature maps. The SFDNet showed better performance than high-ranked foreground detection algorithms on the three standard databases. The testing demo can be found at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1z_zEj9Yp7GZeM2gSIwYKvSzQlxMAiarw/view?usp=sharing.