공정 및 생산방식(PPMs)에 근거한 무역조치에 관한 연구

Abstract

대부분의 환경규제는 제품의 전주기(Life Cycle)를 대상으로 하면서 제품의 생산과정에서 발생되는 오염문제에 중점을 두고 있다. 따라서 최근의 논의는 수입품의 PPMs에 그거하여 수입품에 대한 환경규제가 가능한지 여부에 모아졌다. PPMs 관련 조치는 환경정책으로서 매우 중요한 정책이다. 그러나 무역조치는 PPMs에 근거한 환경문제를 해결하는데 효과적이거나 적합하지 않다. 단지 제품기준 또는 PPMs 기준에 근거한 무역조치의 사용은 지구적 환경목적을 증진시키기 위한 다자간 환경협약의 틀안에서는 허용되어 질 수 있다. 그러나 월경성, 지구적 환경영향이 없는 경우에 수입국의 PPMs 기준을 충족시키지 못하는 제품에 대하여 무역조치를 취하는 것은 경제적, 환경적으로 타당하지 않다.

PPMs에 대한 환경요건은 국내 환경문제를 접근함에 있어서는 매우 효과적일 것이다. 그러나 이들 요건이 제품의 국가간 교역에 적용되어 수입품에 대해 무역조치가 취해질 경우, 관련 환경문제를 해소한다는 목적을 벗어나 보호주의적 수단으로 오용 혹은 남용될 가능성이 크다. 또한 이러한 성격의 무역조치는 타국의 환경관련 정책 및 조치를 변화시킬 목적으로 시행될 수도 있기 때문에 일국의 정책 주권에 대한 침해의 소지가 크다는 문제점을 내포하고 있다.

Nowdays, environmental regulations are applied in the product life cycle and focused on the environmental problems caused by processes and production methods(PPMs). Therefore, facts that trade measures based on the PPMs are possible to apply for imported goods, are new issues. PPMs based measures are important environmental policy. But trade measures are not effective nor appropriate for solving environmental problems based on PPMs.

Only, the use of product or PPMs based trade measures may be permitted in the multilateral environmental agreements to promote global environmental objectives. But without transboundary and global environmental impacts, trade measures for imported goods not complying with PPMs requirements of import country are inappropriate with economic and environmental goals. PPMs requirements are effective to address domestic environmental problems. But if those measures are applied to imported goods as trade measures, the potential for protectionist abuse would be possible. Also, those measures may impinge the sovereignty because those trade measures can be enforced in order to change the foreign country's environmental policy and requirements.

Nowdays, environmental regulations are applied in the product life cycle and focused on the environmental problems caused by processes and production methods(PPMs). Therefore, facts that trade measures based on the PPMs are possible to apply for imported goods, are new issues. PPMs based measures are important environmental policy. But trade measures are not effective nor appropriate for solving environmental problems based on PPMs.

Only, the use of product or PPMs based trade measures may be permitted in the multilateral environmental agreements to promote global environmental objectives. But without transboundary and global environmental impacts, trade measures for imported goods not complying with PPMs requirements of import country are inappropriate with economic and environmental goals. PPMs requirements are effective to address domestic environmental problems. But if those measures are applied to imported goods as trade measures, the potential for protectionist abuse would be possible. Also, those measures may impinge the sovereignty because those trade measures can be enforced in order to change the foreign country's environmental policy and requirements.